Histamine – NET or NOT?

Histamine – NET or NOT?

Histamine is mentioned a lot in both patient groups and in literature as somehow connected with NETs, particularly with so called carcinoid syndrome (CS).  In fact, various putative mediators, including serotonin, catecholamines, brady- and tachykinins, kallikrein, histamine, motilin, and prostaglandins, have been suggested as potential causative factors for the symptoms and complications associated with CS. It is generally believed that most of these tumour-derived secretory products are inactivated by hepatocytes and, therefore, only cause symptoms when they either bypass or are secreted outside of the portal vein drainage system. I wanted to focus on Histamine in this article.  But what is the…
Read More
A spotlight on Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (based on 2026 WHO Classification)

A spotlight on Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (based on 2026 WHO Classification)

What are Gastric NENs Unlike other anatomical types, the word Gastric is used to indicate a tumour (NET) or carcinoma (NEC) in the stomach.  The stomach lies at the bottom of your oesophagus and connects to the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum).  Clearly a key part of the gastrointestinal system, it processes food on its journey downwards. The stomach produces strong acid. This kills many microorganisms that might have been swallowed along with the food. It also contains special chemicals called enzymes. These are important for breaking down the food so it can be absorbed by the…
Read More
Proton Pump Inhibitors (…..and H2 Blockers) the NET Effect

Proton Pump Inhibitors (…..and H2 Blockers) the NET Effect

What are Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)? Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly used medications in the world. They reduce the production of acid by blocking the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. Acid is necessary for the formation of most ulcers in the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum, and the reduction of acid with PPIs prevents ulcers and allows any ulcers that exist in the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum to heal. PPIs are prescribed to treat acid-related conditions such as: Esophageal, duodenal and stomach ulcers NSAID-associated ulcer Ulcers Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome…
Read More