Tag: TNM staging system

A system to describe the amount and spread of cancer in a patient’s body, using TNM.

T describes the size of the tumor and any spread of cancer into nearby tissue;

N describes spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes;

M describes metastasis (spread of cancer to other parts of the body).

This system was created and is updated by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), ENETS also has definitions.

The TNM staging system is used to describe most types of cancer.

27Oct 2015 by Ronny Allan 25 Comments

Grading and Staging – Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (incorporating WHO 2021 changes)

Patient Advocacy

One of the most discussed and sometimes confusing subjects on forums is the staging and grading of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs). Mixing them up is a common error and so it's important to understand the difference despite the apparent complexity.Stage vs GradeIn the most basic of terms, stage is the spread or extent of cancer and grade is the aggressiveness of cancer. They are totally different things and an understanding of both is important as they are critical to predicting outcomes (to a certain extent) and guiding therapy. There is no correlation between the two, you can have the lowest grade with the highest stage (actually very common with NETs). Remember S for Stage (Spread), G for Grade (Growing fast or slow)The stage is essentially worked out via scans and biopsy,…

What is Carcinoid Syndrome? Carcinoid syndrome (CS) is the most frequent hormonal complication accompanying neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and is defined by chronic diarrhoea and/or flushing in the presence of systemic elevated levels of serotonin or its metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA). Importantly, other causes of these symptoms should be considered and investigated depending on the clinical presentation. CS […]

Somatostatin Receptor Positive Advanced Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors – PRRT vs Everolimus

I was delighted to see this clinical trial which looks at the efficacy of PRRT (Lu177) vs the efficacy of Everolimus (Afinitor). The latter is approved for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, well-differentiated non-functional, neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of gastrointestinal (GI) or lung origin with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic disease (US FDA wording, […]

Opinion: Let’s attack Cancer metaphors

Since I started blogging, I’ve read dozens of articles on the subject of ‘cancer metaphors’ and in particular their use in describing cancer experiences with the words ‘fight’, ‘battle’ and other ‘military’ sounding terms. The authors say that perhaps this is not the best language to use. One author used the term ‘violence’ to describe these […]

A review of November 2023 on RonnyAllan.NET – Living with Neuroendocrine Cancer

November is always busier as I help spread awareness for 10th Nov (remembering that every day is 10th Nov on my site!). I also managed to push out quite a few blogs, some ‘remasters’ from 2014 but with their originality from that time. Others include the ENETS Guideline series, a work in progress. I’m thankful […]

European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for Digestive Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

This ENETS guidance paper, developed by a multidisciplinary working group, provides up-to-date and practical advice on the diagnosis and management of digestive neuroendocrine carcinoma, based on recent developments and study results. These recommendations aim to pave the road for more standardized care for our patients resulting in improved outcomes. However, it’s true to say that […]