Neuroendocrine Cancer:  Functional vs Non-functional

Neuroendocrine Cancer: Functional vs Non-functional

The terms functional and non-functional come up a lot in documents describing Neuroendocrine Cancer.  They also feature highly in patient groups.  But what do these terms actually mean? Functional / Non-FunctionalNeuroendocrine Tumours are treatable for most but the difficult part can be arriving at a diagnosis. Moreover, some Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) can be silently growing and as they grow slowly, the 'silence' can go on for some years. Even with a syndrome, the root cause can remain disguised as the symptoms are similar to many day-to-day illnesses.  There can be the odd exception but in general terms, NETs are either functional (with…
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Neuroendocrine Neoplasms:  A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma

The riddle.For many years, I've been reading and blogging about Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, NENs for short.  NEN is a relatively new term which came after my diagnosis.  Nomenclature is still evolving and there is always something to learn. It's also true to say the term 'Neuroendocrine Neoplasms' is the same as saying 'Neuroendocrine Cancer'. These neoplasms are cancers that begin in specialised cells called 'neuroendocrine cells'. Neuroendocrine cells have traits similar to those of nerve cells and hormone-producing cells, particularly the latter.  In face one NET specialist said "While the name “neuroendocrine” implies that these tumors involve both nerve cells and…
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Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

What is Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)? External beam radiotherapy has been around for decades, but the technology has evolved dramatically. Today’s treatments involve new techniques, new machines, and new imaging methods, and these terms are often mixed together in ways that confuse patients. When people talk about “SBRT,” “CyberKnife,” or “Proton Beam,” they are often referring to completely different layers of radiotherapy — a technique, a platform, or a type of radiation. Some names are even brand‑specific. Understanding which layer each term belongs to makes the whole field much easier to navigate. SBRT is an external beam radiotherapy technique,…
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Paraneoplastic Syndromes – the NET Effect

Paraneoplastic Syndromes – the NET Effect

Although several hypotheses have been proposed regarding the pathogenesis of Paraneoplastic Syndromes (PNS), the precise mechanism that leads to the development of PNS remains largely unknown. In simple terms, pathogenesis means "the manner of development of a disease". Disclaimer. I read widely and noted various papers where there was clearly confusion about the classification of paraneoplastic in relation to Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.  Some papers grouped known Neuroendocrine Tumour hormonal syndromes in, but others were more specific by filtering these into ectopic scenarios.  I eventually filtered out papers based on the expertise of the authors and the common threads running in each…
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