Immunotherapy and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Updated 24th September 2025. IntroductionThere's a lot of Immunotherapy stuff out there! The picture regarding its use in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms is not clear and there is no general roadmap printed. I first heard of Immunotherapy for NETs following attendance at ENETS 2017 in Barcelona. The presentation that sticks out was one given by Dr Matthew Kulke, a well-known NET Specialist in Boston. My reaction to the presentation was one of 'expectation management' and caution i.e. it's too soon to know if we will get any success and when we will get it. He also hinted that it's more likely that any…
Weekly update 22nd September 2025
Another helpful week with some good support on my social media outlets. This is despite a reduction in new posts while I resolve some website issues. I thank you if you have supported my website via my social media accounts, particularly Facebook. So what are the highlights of last week? Let's start with my Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma campaign. Click here or the picture below to read the post. Why not join in on the Facebook post - click here. Steve Jobs is always a draw, he's so well known. He may not have taken part in much Neuroendocrine Cancer awareness when he…
The Treachery of Pheochromoctyomas and Paragangliomas – please think of it!
Something came up in my timeline this week and I really enjoyed reading it. I have many alerts set for various subjects including Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas. Often an old published article is republished making it to my alert system and it got pushed up the timeline. It did seem like it was up to date but I eventually spotted it was from 2006! I appreciated some of the content because it had confirmed many parts of my knowledge about these interesting tumours. Two things stood out in this 2006 document: Firstly, the mention of how many of these tumours are…
Genetics and Neuroendocrine Tumors
Hereditary genetics.....where to focusIn recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that a number of Neuroendocrine tumours arise as a result of germline genetic mutations and are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The number of genes implicated is increasing as research advances and I cannot guarantee this post will contain all of them.Apparently, 5-10% of NETs are estimated to have a hereditary background. Hereditary syndromes associated with these include Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN), Von Hippel Lindau (VHL), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) and others. People who have a genetic condition may present with the tumours (perhaps along…
Ronny Allan – Every picture tells a story
I always try to use graphics for a number of pictures, I admit mainly to catch people's attention but also because sometimes a picture on its own tells a story or at least provides a great introduction to one. If the picture catches your eye, clicking on will take you to the text. This post will auto update as new blogs are published. thanks for reading and sharing! Scroll, point, click, read, share! Disclaimer I am not a doctor or any form of medical professional, practitioner or counsellor. None of the information on my website, or linked to my website(s),…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – If you can see it, you can detect it!
Updated December 2025BackgroundScanning is a key diagnostic support and surveillance tool for any cancer. Even though you have elevated bloods or urine (....or not), a picture of your insides is really like a thousand words.... and each picture has a story behind it. Scanning can be a game changer in the hunt for tumours and although scans do not normally confirm the cancer type and grade, they certainly help with that piece of detective work and are key in the staging of the cancer.When I read stories of people in a difficult diagnosis, I always find myself saying 'a scan might resolve this' and…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – tumour markers and hormone levels
Originally published 2016, updated October 2025BackgroundSome people hear the terms "tumour markers" and "hormone levels" when they are diagnosed with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs). That might be confusing or even alarming at the time. Most people diagnosed with cancer will have had a form of medical testing at some point in their life, i.e. the sampling and testing of blood, urine, saliva, stool or body tissue. With NENs, the medical staff are just measuring the content of a 'substance' and then taking a view whether this is normal or not based on pre-determined ranges. These tests are normally done as a…
The Invisible NET Patient Population
First published August 2017 but updated several timesUPDATED TO INCUDE PUBLISHED US FIGURES IN 2025OPINIONI found some of the quotes from the recent NET SEER Database study (Dasari et al) very interesting. The National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program is a comprehensive source of population-based information initiated in 1973 that is updated annually. Although the study is US-based, it represents the largest study of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) ever recorded and is therefore a good guide to what might be found beyond USA. Almost 7 times the rate recorded in the 1970s. If you want to understand…
A spotlight on Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)
First published 2015, updated for 2025.OverviewWe all know that Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) and their syndromes are complex but there is even more complexity to be found in a group of related disorders known as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN). I recommend all NET patients should try to understand the basics of MEN and vice versa, particularly as both conditions seem to come with a plethora of endocrine-related effects.MEN patients will normally have a tumour in at least two endocrine glands - thus the terms 'Multiple' and 'Endocrine' (tumours can also develop in other organs and tissues). Neoplasia is just another name…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – no sweat!
I see so many questions and comments in my private group about sweating, in particular, 'night sweats' and it's prompted me to dig deeper, thus this article. When I look at a dozen decent sources of medical info, they all seem to bring up several common causes appearing on the different lists on each website I look at. I do see (so-called) carcinoid syndrome come up infrequently and perhaps the authors are lumping that in with hot flashes/flushing etc. But on authoritative NET sites (i.e. written by the NET scientific community), I do not see 'sweating' come up in the…
Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) – don’t let it be a Crisis
Update November 2025. This new document from the same surgeon and NET team below has further justified why they now adopt a totally different approach to nearly everyone else and they can back it up with evidence. This followed the updated blog below "Do we need a new model for carcinoid crisis in NETs?". It looks like they have deployed this 'new model' given their statement "Based on our research, at Oregon Health & Science University, we have entirely stopped using octreotide during operations, relying instead on vasopressors and treatment directed at managing distributive shock". Worth a read. Intraoperative Carcinoid…
Weight – the NET Effect
ForewordAfter my first surgery in November 2010, I came out at the lightest weight I had been for many many years (10st 7lbs (147lbs)). 6-7 weeks later I went back to work and people privately commented that I shouldn't be at work, I looked too frail and ill. Perhaps it was because my suit no longer fitted me properly! That was an expensive year because I had to buy new suits, a requirement of my employment.Fast forward 4 years, I had to buy some more suits as my weight was going back on.Fast forward 14 years and my weight is…
Childhood Cancer Awareness Month – Neuroendocrine Cancer featuring Elizabeth’s story
September is Childhood Cancer Awareness Month! The newspapers and social media have been featuring many childhood cancer articles. It's known that NENs do occur in childhood, particularly those associated with familial/hereditary syndromes including (but not limited to), Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN), hereditary Pheochromoctyoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC); Von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) syndrome. But I also see young people diagnosed with sporadic (not hereditary) appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumours (NET), most often incidentially found following appendicitis investigations. There are very rare instances of sporadic findings in regular NENs of varying primary types (including Neuroendocrine Carcinomas (NEC)).I dedicate this post to Elizabeth Rooney…
The 5 E’s (of Carcinoid Syndrome)
The 5 Es was a good idea but the boundary was never properly defined. I don't believe it applies to all NETs and I don't believe it is confined to carcinoid syndrome Original Post Since my diagnosis, I seem to have been in a perpetual learning phase! What not to do, what not to eat, what not to read! However, early on in my experience, I came across a list of 'E' words (5 of them) which is a handy reminder for Carcinoid Syndrome patients, particularly those whose symptoms are not under control. When I say "carcinoid syndrome" in this article,…
Neuroendocrine Cancer: Glossary of Terms
Welcome to my Neuroendocrine Cancer Glossary of Terms list providing a source of meanings for acronyms and medical terms, all sourced from top Neuroendocrine Cancer and general cancer sites. How to use this database:1. If your term begins with an A, click on A to find all terms beginning with A. Select your terms beginning with A from the filtered list.2. For numerical terms (e.g. 5HIAA etc), please click on the hashtag (#) symbol in the A-to-Z strip.3. The term definition including acronym or abbreviation will be given in full along with any of my published articles containing that term as…
The Hidden Pheochromocytoma
I've written a few times about Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas, allegedly rare types of Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET). I've also written about various hidden diagnoses of NET cases where they are eventually found in living patients having been 'hidden' within other diseases, i.e. misclassified in cancer registries or even not classified as cancer at all. If you read any medical site (including hospitals which treat Pheochromocytoma) you will note statements along the lines of "mostly benign" - so it's possible the incidence rate is vastly understated on this factor alone. The other interesting data I found is that many are not discovered…
Phase 3 CABINET Clinical Trial – Cabozantinib (Cabometyx) for Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumours
BREAKING NEWS - 6th August 2024 Exelixis Announces U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Accepted the Supplemental New Drug Application for Cabozantinib for Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors.Exelixis Announces U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Accepted the Supplemental New Drug Application for Cabozantinib for Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors– The FDA assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act target action date of April 3, 2025 –– Application is based on results from the phase 3 CABINET pivotal trial, in which cabozantinib provided a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival versus placebo –Exelixis, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXEL) today announced that its…
The Syndromes of Neuroendocrine Cancer – Early Signs of a Late Diagnosis
Updated 14th June 2024 The Syndromes of Neuroendocrine Cancer - Early Signs of a Late Diagnosis There are some curious things about Neuroendocrine Cancer (NETs elsewhere in the text on the basis that a hormonal syndrome is extremely rare in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (NEC)). One of them is that it can very often exhibit one or more vague symptoms collectively known as a 'syndrome'. Syndrome is an apt word to describe these complications as the most general meaning in medical terms is a group of symptoms that together are characteristic of a specific disorder or disease". Having a syndrome can often…
I bet my flush beats yours?
Background Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) can sometimes present with one or more vague symptoms which occasionally results in a lengthy diagnostic phase for some. Sure, there can be issues with doctor experience and knowledge that can add to the problem. However, some people do present with multiple vague and confusing symptoms and some people have comorbidities that have similar symptoms. Textbook diagnostics just don't make sense, sometimes even when the doctor suspects a NET i.e. classic symptoms of 'something' but with negative markers for NETs. Clearly, those are extreme cases and just like other complex diseases, diagnoses of NET can be…
Carcinoid vs Neuroendocrine
OPINION - There's a constant debate regarding the validity of the term 'Carcinoid'. I've posted about this a few times and as far as I know, the debate has been raging for some years. This post was originally generated in April 2015 (and hasn't changed that much!). EDIT MARCH 2024. There is now a consolidated Endocrine/Neuroendoceine Tumour classification system (Blue Book). Still in print but you can see a summary of changes by clicking here. This change should provide some leverage to Neuroendocrine committees particularly about what things should be called. EDIT MARCH 2022. The latest classification system for Lung…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – Horrible Hormones
Updated and reviewed 20th March 2024 Hormonal imbalances are quite common in many conditions including day to day stuff. With Neuroendocrine Cancer, it can be a real challenge both at diagnostic and maintenance phases. In addition to the cancer angle, there's some strange stuff going on, inexplicable, frightening for the patient, an unwanted ingredient causing chaos!Until I was diagnosed with metastatic Neuroendocrine Cancer, I didn't have a clue about hormones - it's one of those things you just take for granted. However, hormones are vital to human health (male and female) and it's only when things go wrong you suddenly…
Neuroendocrine Cancer: If your doctors don’t suspect something, they won’t detect anything!
One of the most discussed and debated Cancer issues is late diagnosis. Cyberspace is full of disturbing stories and many different cancers are involved. Some cancers are notoriously difficult to diagnose, meaning that awareness and education needs to extend from the general population to healthcare professionals at all levels. The latter is a challenge as first-line physicians battle to deal with thousands of different conditions, many of which have similar presentations. Neuroendocrine Neoplasms have a record of being difficult to diagnose which often leads to late diagnosis. Moreover, due to their often-silent nature, a late diagnosis is often a default…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – Clinical Esoterica
The good news ....... things are improving, the latest US figures confirm two major changes:1. Most diagnoses are now early stage2. The disease is no longer rare and no longer an orphan diseaseOne of the key awareness messages for Neuroendocrine Cancer is the hormonal syndromes that can often accompany the diagnosis for many people. As it's a difficult disease to diagnose, many people struggle with these syndromes for some time before formal diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Cancer. Some continue to struggle after.Neuroendocrine Cancer can often be uncannily quiet, but the tumours can be 'functional' and over-secrete certain hormones to add or…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – normally slow but don’t be tricked!
An awareness post from Ronny Allan. There are a lot of scary diseases in this world but some of them are particularly sneaky. One such sneaky disease is the lesser-known type of cancer that infiltrated my body - Neuroendocrine Cancer. Not only is it scary and sneaky, but it's also cunning, devious, misleading, and double-crossing. It likes nothing better than to play tricks on you. Don't be fooled, it's the great pretender. It will grow in your body without you knowing. It finds places to hide, mainly the small intestine, appendix, lungs, stomach, pancreas, rectum, and a host of other…
Belzutifan for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), or Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Disease-Associated Tumors
What is von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is an autosomal dominant disease that can predispose individuals to multiple neoplasms. Germline pathogenic variants in the VHL gene predispose individuals to specific types of benign tumors, malignant tumors, and cysts in many organ systems. These include central nervous system hemangioblastomas; retinal hemangioblastomas; clear cell renal cell carcinomas and renal cysts; pheochromocytomas, cysts, cystadenomas, and neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas; endolymphatic sac tumors; and cystadenomas of the epididymis. What is Belzutifan (Welireg)?It is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) inhibitor. As an inhibitor of HIF-2α, belzutifan reduces transcription and expression of HIF-2α target genes associated with cellular proliferation, angiogenesis and…
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN) – genetic related syndromes
Cancer is a genetic disorder. It happens when genes that manage cell activity mutate and create abnormal cells that divide and multiply, eventually disrupting how your body works. Medical researchers estimate 5% to 12% of all cancers are caused by inherited genetic mutations that you can’t control. More frequently, cancer happens as an acquired genetic mutation. Acquired genetic mutations happen over the course of your life. This is a very general description of the close relationships between genetics and cancer but I wanted to focus below on hereditary syndromes and genetic disorders related to Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Definitions - the differences between Hereditary…
Targeted Therapy for Neuroendocrine Cancer – Sunitinib (Sutent)
Click here to see the A to Z of Neuroendocrine Cancer What is Sunitinib (Sutent)? Manufactured by Pfizer, this is a targeted biological therapy or more accurately, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). You may also see it described as an anti-angiogenic agent on the basis that these tumor types are highly vascularized and show high expression of something called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key driver of angiogenesis in neuroendocrine tumors. Because NETs are generally hypervascularized tumors, treatment with antiangiogenic drugs seems a rational approach. A complex process but in the simplest of terms, sunitinib blocks a particular…
Clinical Trial: Lu-177 DOTATOC (PRRT) in adult subjects with Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive Pulmonary, Pheochromocytoma, Paraganglioma, Unknown primary, and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Excellent news for those who don't have Gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEP-NETs). A trial of PRRT is being set-up for the less common types of NET including those with an unknown primary. Using the DOTATOC radionuclide rather than the Lutathera model of using DOTATATE, this trial will cater for Pulmonary, Pheochromoctyoma, Paraganlioma, Unknown Primary and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumours.Excel Diagnostics and Nuclear Oncology Center (EDNOC) announced today that its physician sponsored Investigational New Drug (IND) application to evaluate safety and efficacy of Lu-177 DOTATOC in adult subjects with Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expressing Pulmonary, Pheochromocytoma, Paraganglioma, Unknown primary, and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PUT-NET), has…
Featuring Kirsty Dalglish – Pheochromocytoma and Pregnancy
This story is about my friend Kirsty. She lives with metastatic Pheochromocytoma, a type of Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) of the adrenal glands - (read more here). She has an amazing blog that is not just for Pheochromocytomas or even just for Neuroendocrine Cancer patients and supporters because she has not let her condition stop her from doing normal and amazing stuff. The challenges she has faced and still facing, are very similar to many cancer patients. Kirsty was for a while, one of the moderators in my private Facebook group, when she found me and put herself forward to help…
“Please find something wrong with me”
I’m contacted almost daily by the ‘undiagnosed’ who suspect they have Neuroendocrine Cancer, often because they appear to be displaying the symptoms of one of the associated syndromes and my large internet footprint leads them to me. These are some of my most difficult questions. I’m always very wary of initially agreeing with their assumptions and logic, instead opting for straightforward detective work based on my knowledge of the different types of Neuroendocrine Cancer, knowledge of the best scans, the best tumour and hormone markers. And I always warn them that statistically, they are more likely to have a common…
Clinical Trials – PEN-221 for Neuroendocrine Cancer
What is PEN-221?Tarveda Therapeutics is discovering and developing a new class of potent and selective precision oncology medicines for the treatment of patients with various solid tumor malignancies. Their strategy includes developing their own proprietary Pentarin miniature conjugates to enhance the effectiveness of promising anti-cancer payloads that have struggled without their selective targeting to solid tumors. These medicines are known as 'Pentarins'. PEN-221 is the lead candidate 'Pentarin' aimed at Neuroendocrine Cancer - PEN-221.Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is frequently overexpressed on several types of solid tumors, including neuroendocrine tumors and small-cell lung cancer. Peptide agonists of SSTR2 are rapidly internalized…
Clinical Trials – ONC201 for Neuroendocrine Cancer (including Pheo/Para)
What is ONC201?A company called Oncoceutics is developing a novel class of safe and effective cancer therapies called imipridones. Imipridones have a unique three-ring core structure and selectively target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest class of membrane receptors and a common target of approved drugs that are underexploited in oncology. Despite being historically uncommon as targets in oncology, GPCRs control an array of critical prosurvival and stress signaling pathways that are often dysregulated in human cancer to favor cancer cell survival and propagation.The ability of imipridones to target GPCRs with a high degree of selectivity represents a novel opportunity…
Neuroendocrine Cancer Hormonal Syndromes – a witch’s brew
One of the key awareness messages for Neuroendocrine Cancer is the hormonal syndromes that can often accompany the diagnosis for many people. As it's a difficult disease to diagnose, many people struggle with these syndromes for some time before formal diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Cancer. Some continue to struggle after. Neuroendocrine Cancer can often be uncannily quiet, but the tumours can be 'functional' and over-secrete certain hormones to add or introduce symptoms that mimic many other diseases or conditions, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Menopause, Heart disease and Asthma. In addition to common symptoms of flushing and diarrhea, others include…
NETwork with Ronny © – Community Newsletter NOVEMBER 2017
Welcome to Ronny Allan's Community newsletter for November 2017. A very strong beginning of the month due to massive support for my Halloween themed but very serious and hard-hitting post "Neuroendocrine Tumors - no treats, just tricks". If you've not seen it or commented on it, check it out here on the Facebook site (currently 724 shares). I suspect the number of shares will never be beaten (there were 652 within 36 hours) and as far as I know perhaps this is now the most shared NET awareness post ever on social media. The support for this single post was so…
Living with Neuroendocrine Cancer – the 7 Year Itch
I quite like the Facebook memory thing. This morning I got a reminder of a post I made from 7 years ago whilst I was in hospital recovering from my 9 Nov surgery. It had taken 12 days for me to feel strong enough to venture onto social media with a simple message "I'm feeling perkier". For those not familiar with English localisms, it just means lively, spirited, bright, sunny, cheerful, animated, upbeat, buoyant, bubbly, cheery, bouncy, genial, jaunty, chirpy, sprightly, vivacious, in fine fettle, full of beans, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed. I guess I met some of these descriptors most…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – normally slow but always sneaky – an awareness post from Ronny Allan
Neuroendocrine Cancer – normally slow but always sneaky – an awareness post from Ronny Allan There are a lot of scary diseases in this world but some of them are particularly sneaky. One such sneaky disease is the lesser-known type of cancer that infiltrated my body - Neuroendocrine Cancer. Not only is it scary and sneaky, but it's also cunning, devious, misleading, and double-crossing. It likes nothing better than to play tricks on you. It is the great pretender. It will grow in your body without you knowing. It finds places to hide, mainly the small intestine, appendix, lungs, stomach,…
Ever wonder what caused your Neuroendocrine Cancer?
OPINION. When you're diagnosed, you go through a whole host of emotions. It's not just the initial shock, the disbelief, the anxiety and morbid worry produced by the words "you have cancer", it's other stuff such as anger and denial. With the latter, the denial normally wears off as you finally accept the predicament.In hindsight, the anger is interesting because there can be a mixture of thoughts including "why me", "what could I have done to head this off"; and would you believe I was even angry that my diagnosis was going to affect my performance at work and even…
NETwork with Ronny © – Community Newsletter JUNE 2017
Hi NETworkers! Welcome to my monthly 'Community' newsletter. This is June 2017's monthly summary of Ronny Allan's Community news, views and ICYMI (in case you missed it!). NET News The following news items may be of interest: NETs in the UK National News. Great publicity. Featuring NET Patient Foundation. Click here. Personalised PRRT is highlighted. Click here. Everolimus and Sunitinib. In England, NICE approves Everolimus (Afinitor) and Sunitinib (Sutent). Read more by clicking here. Videos from LACNETS. I've not watched them all yet due to holiday but they are always great! Click here. PRRT. News of a PRRT trial being…
All you need to know about Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT)
Updated 21st August 2025 Short PRRT Primer What is Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT)? What is PRRT? PRRT stands for Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy, an FDA-approved therapy used for systemic treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Peptide refers to the small molecule for this therapy. The Peptide used (e.g. DOTATATE or DOTATOC or DOTANOC) is very similar to Somatostatin, a hormone which binds to receptors found on neuroendocrine tumors. Receptor refers to a specific target on neuroendocrine tumor cells that the peptide attaches to. After the peptide joins with a Receptor, it becomes attached and enters the targeted tumor cell. Radionuclide refers to radioactive atom that is attached to the peptide.…
Theranostics for Neuroendocrine Cancer – A Find and Destroy Mission
Theranostics is a joining of the words therapeutics and diagnostics. You may also see it conveyed as 'Theragnostics' and these terms are interchangeable. The basic aim of theranotistics is to find and then destroy the 'bad guys'. With Neuroendocrine Cancer, finding the tumours (the bad guys) can often be a challenge - they can be small and/or difficult to find - they are sometimes expert at camouflage. Moreover, once found, they can then be difficult to treat (destroy), as they can often prove resistant to conventional cancer drugs and many are inoperable due to sheer quantity, spread and positioning. When…
NETwork with Ronny © – Newsletter December 2016
Hi NETworkers! Welcome to my second 'community' newsletter, the monthly summary of NET news in Dec 2016, views and ICYMI (in case you missed it!). December was a particularly special month. For the previous 3 months, I had been busily working behind the scenes and on my various social media presences to put on a good show for the 2016 WEGO Health Activist Awards. This paid off and I won the Best in Show 'Community' category in addition to being shortlisted as one of 5 finalists in the blog category. The community award was special because it means we all won the award as…
Neuroendocrine Tumours: a spotlight on Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Updated 19th August 2025I spend a lot of time talking about the most common forms of Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs), but what about the less well-known types? As part of my commitment to all types of NETs, I'd like to shine a light on two less common tumour types known as Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas - with an incidence rate of approximately 8 per million per year. They are normally grouped together, and the definitions below will confirm why. If you think it's difficult to diagnose a mainstream NET, this particular sub-type is a real challenge.So, let's get definitions out of the…
PRRT and the NHS England Cancer Drugs Fund (now archived information)
Please note this post is now historic information - PRRT (Lutathera) was eventually approved for use in UK. See the following post for the very latest on PRRT worldwide - CLICK HERE I was extremely disappointed to learn of the decision to remove PRRT (Lutetium or Yttrium) from the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF). You can read the detail of the decision here: CDF Statement. PRRT has regularly been described by NET specialists and patients as the "magic bullet" due to its potential to shrink or kill tumours. This is the second Neuroendocrine Cancer treatment to be withdrawn this year, after…