DLL3 Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms – an overview
Updated 20th August 2025 - Background - Conventional therapeutic targets for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) include somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and tyrosine kinases. These pathways are crucial for tumour growth, survival, and angiogenesis. The most well known is SSTRs given that most NETs express these and allows targeted therapies such as somatostatin analogues (SSA) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) to be used. Other targeted therapies like everolimus and sunitinib, which inhibit mTOR and tyrosine kinases respectively. Sunitinib also targets VEGF as does cabozantinib. For neuroendocrine carcinomas (Grade 3 poorly differentiated), targeting…
Genetics and Neuroendocrine Tumors
Hereditary genetics.....where to focusIn recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that a number of Neuroendocrine tumours arise as a result of germline genetic mutations and are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The number of genes implicated is increasing as research advances and I cannot guarantee this post will contain all of them.Apparently, 5-10% of NETs are estimated to have a hereditary background. Hereditary syndromes associated with these include Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN), Von Hippel Lindau (VHL), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) and others. People who have a genetic condition may present with the tumours (perhaps along…
Ronny Allan – Every picture tells a story
I always try to use graphics for a number of pictures, I admit mainly to catch people's attention but also because sometimes a picture on its own tells a story or at least provides a great introduction to one. If the picture catches your eye, clicking on will take you to the text. This post will auto update as new blogs are published. thanks for reading and sharing! Scroll, point, click, read, share! Disclaimer I am not a doctor or any form of medical professional, practitioner or counsellor. None of the information on my website, or linked to my website(s),…
Nick Robinson – Neuroendocrine Cancer – the devil is in the detail
Originally published March 2015. Updated 10th February 2025 Nick Robinson, well-known and ex-BBC Political Editor starts his new job today (16 Nov 15) on BBC Radio 4. He was until earlier this year, the most recognised political reporter face on UK TV, frequently stood outside 10 Downing St reporting on anything politics and at any time of the day. Nick is pretty good at painting politicians into a corner, trying to eek out what they really think, not the 'spin' which they are normally pretty good at. Like a lot of people, Nick's life changed when he was diagnosed with…
Don’t worry, it’s benign!
OPINIONOne of the most controversial aspects of Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) is the ‘benign vs malignant’ question. It’s been widely debated, and it frequently patrols the various patient forums and other social media platforms. It raises emotions and it triggers many responses ….. at least from those willing to engage in the conversation. At best, this issue can cause confusion, at worst, it might contradict what new patients have been told by their physicians (….or not been told). This post will not cover Neuroendocrine Carcinoma which by standard cancer nomenclature definition is malignant.Any standard cancer nomenclature definition of the word 'tumour'…
Neuroendocrine Cancer: Glossary of Terms
Welcome to my Neuroendocrine Cancer terms and definitions list providing a source of meanings for acronyms and medical terms, all sourced from top Neuroendocrine Cancer sites. How to use this list: 1. If your term begins with an A, see the list of As etc. Ditto for B to Z. Select your term from the list, the definition will show along with any of my blogs where that term is mentioned – this adds context. . 2. Numerical terms are also listed. Please note I’m constantly working on the repository to clean up all definitions, adding and removing links where necessary, and…
Lanreotide for Lung NETs – SPINET Clinical Trial
Reviewed and updated 30th July 2024. Phase III trial data update. Update 30th July 2024. This trial had a low particpation repsonse. Experts cited the main reason was the increasing use of SSAs for Typical and Atypical Lung NETs in clinical practice; as such, patients were reluctant to enroll in this study, with the risk of receiving a placebo, when they could access the active treatment with a prescription. The above is unfortunate but perhaps the wording of some approvals caused confusion about scope. Together with pragmatic compassionate use in cliniclal practice this has perhaps had an adverse affect in…
Neuroendocrine Cancer: My experience with Lanreotide Ipsen
On 9th December 2025, I celebrated 15 years of Lanreotide - click here to read about that. Update 11th Jan 2024. Ipsen decided to change the name for Somatuline Autogel to Lanreotide Ipsen. Clearly to distinguish its product from the generics now rolling out. Not seen similar yet for Somatuline Depot (US). Please note the remainder of this blog covers Lanreotide Ipsen, generics are covered here. My Lanreotide Experience When I was discharged from hospital following major surgery in Nov 2010, I knew I would shortly be commencing long-term monthly 'somatostatin analogue' treatment and had assumed Octreotide (Sandostatin LAR) would…
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms – not as rare as you think
UPDATE AS AT 5th OCTOBER 2025 - USA - Prevalence of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms breaches the Orphan Disease threshold for the first time (officially) In this cross-sectional study evaluating 145,477 NEN cases in the US, age-adjusted incidence rates increased 5.2-fold between 1975 and 2021, with an annual percentage change of 3% between 2000 and 2020, and the 20-year limited duration prevalence projected in the US population on January 1, 2021, was 243 896. Survival for all NENs improved, including for patients with distant-stage gastrointestinal and pancreatic NENs. And even this figure is understated as they have excluded some Neuroendocrine Carcinomas from the…
Carcinoid vs Neuroendocrine
OPINION - There's a constant debate regarding the validity of the term 'Carcinoid'. I've posted about this a few times and as far as I know, the debate has been raging for some years. This post was originally generated in April 2015 (and hasn't changed that much!). EDIT MARCH 2024. There is now a consolidated Endocrine/Neuroendoceine Tumour classification system (Blue Book). Still in print but you can see a summary of changes by clicking here. This change should provide some leverage to Neuroendocrine committees particularly about what things should be called. EDIT MARCH 2022. The latest classification system for Lung…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – Horrible Hormones
Updated and reviewed 20th March 2024 Hormonal imbalances are quite common in many conditions including day to day stuff. With Neuroendocrine Cancer, it can be a real challenge both at diagnostic and maintenance phases. In addition to the cancer angle, there's some strange stuff going on, inexplicable, frightening for the patient, an unwanted ingredient causing chaos! Until I was diagnosed with metastatic Neuroendocrine Cancer, I didn't have a clue about hormones - it's one of those things you just take for granted. However, hormones are vital to human health (male and female) and it's only when things go wrong you…
Histamine – NET or NOT?
Histamine is mentioned a lot in both patient groups and in literature as somehow connected with NETs, particularly with so called carcinoid syndrome (CS). In fact, various putative mediators, including serotonin, catecholamines, brady- and tachykinins, kallikrein, histamine, motilin, and prostaglandins, have been suggested as potential causative factors for the symptoms and complications associated with CS. It is generally believed that most of these tumour-derived secretory products are inactivated by hepatocytes and, therefore, only cause symptoms when they either bypass or are secreted outside of the portal vein drainage system. I wanted to focus on Histamine in this article. But what is the…
Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumours Uncovered
A culture of miniature neuroendocrine tumors. [Talya Dayton, copyright: Hubrecht Institute.] I'll flesh this out in due course, but this is something I'd like to track. Pulmonary NETs don't have as many treatments as Gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEP NETs). Thanks for reading. Druggable growth dependencies and tumor evolution analysis in patient-derived organoids of neuroendocrine neoplasms from multiple body sites Talya L. Dayton Nicolas Alcala Laura Moonen Matthieu Foll Lynnette Fernández-Cuesta Hans Clevers Show all authors Show footnotes Open AccessDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.007Quick summary - click here Disclaimer I am not a doctor or any form of medical professional, practitioner or counsellor. None of…
Somatostatin Receptor Positive Advanced Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors – PRRT vs Everolimus
US Trial I was delighted to see this clinical trial which looks at the efficacy of PRRT (Lu177 dotatate) vs the efficacy of Everolimus (Afinitor). The latter is approved for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, well-differentiated non-functional, neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of gastrointestinal (GI) or lung origin with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic disease (US FDA wording, Europe is similar). What is this trial? This phase II trial studies the effect of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate compared to the usual treatment (everolimus) in treating patients with somatostatin receptor positive bronchial neuroendocrine tumors that have spread to other places in…
A Phase II Clinical Trial of Nivolumab and Temozolomide for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
What is Nivolumab (Opdivo) Nivolumab is a type of cancer treatment drug called an immunotherapy. It is a treatment for a number of different types of cancer. You might have it as part of a clinical trial for other types of cancer. What is Temozolomide (Temodal) Temozolomide is a type of chemotherapy. It is well known in Neuroendocrine Cancer as the TEM in CAPTEM Trial Summary The purpose of the trial. Treatment options are sometimes limited in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). The primary endpoint was response rate (using RECIST 1.1). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival…
RonnyAllan.NET – a review of 2022
ReviewIn 2022, my pet project (my blog) hit 2 million views in early November – that was a major boost. It takes 3-4 years to get a million hits based on current performance. To be honest, I’m still flabbergasted by reaching one million in 2018. It just kinda happened! I am grateful for every single view. 2022 was a challenging year, mainly because the pandemic had some latent impact on my social media activity and also in terms of growth. 2020 and 2021 were slower than normal but 2022 has seen some pickup. Some of it is due to less writing but much…
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
What is Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)? External beam radiotherapy has been around for a while. But the next generation equipment and techniques are gradually being deployed. It's a confusing area with many synonyms which I found when I wrote about the subject in a treatment summary for patients. Some of the sub-components/synonyms may be familiar to you and are often used interchangeably with SBRT; but are actually a brand name (e.g. Cyberknife) or a type (e.g. Proton Beam). You will not find SBRT mentioned in any Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) guidelines and that's because it is not a "standard of…
A Spotlight on Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
WHO Classification of Tumours, 5th Edition, Volume 5: Thoracic Tumours The aim of this spotlight is to provide a summary of the latest information on Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN) including the latest terminology, epidemiology data, and guidelines. This follows the publication of the Thoracic WHO classification 5th edition (2021): terminology and criteria for neuroendocrine neoplasms (Blue Book). This book has been anticipated to see if the panel compiling this follows the lead of the Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEPNEN) editions issued in 2017 (Endocrine) and 2019 (Digestive systems) by removing the antiquated misnomer term ''Carcinoid" in line with the recommendations made…
New Clinical Trial – Testing Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate in Patients With Somatostatin Receptor Positive Advanced Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors
When I see a trial for Gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEPNETs), I know that BP (Bronchopulmonary) NETs (includes Lung) are not included. When you look at the approval wording for the major treatments in use (PRRT Lutathera, Lanreotide), they appear to use the term GEPNETs making BP NETs the poor relative. Clearly there’s highly complex reasons why NETs react differently in different parts of the body. I can see that BP NET patients were involved in clinical trials for both of the mainstream treatments listed above. The drug approval process is also highly complex, and I can see from the wording that functional…
Neuroendocrine Tumors: Targeted Therapies – Update from NET Specialist Diane Reidy-Lagunes, MD, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center – August 2021
Background. For those who want a quick run through of Neuroendocrine Tumors from diagnosis to selection of treatment, about the treatments themselves plus what is the Future Directions in the Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors. There are 8 episodes, and each is around 3-5 minutes long. I personally found them very useful and in a language understandable to patients. Great job by OncLive and Dr Reidy-Lagunes! Episode 1 - Understanding the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neuroendocrine Tumors Diane Reidy-Lagunes, MD, provides an overview of neuroendocrine tumors, along with specific considerations for optimal diagnosis and prognostication. Understanding the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neuroendocrine Tumors (onclive.com)…
Clinical Trial SPARTALIZUMAB – Immunotherapy for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PDR001)
UpdateTrial complete. Conclusion abstract - Single agent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have not demonstrated clinical utility in an unselected NET population and should not be used outside of clinical trials. The potential for PD-L1 inhibition in the thoracic cohort warrants further investigation. Read more here. PDR001 (anti-PD-1) is an investigational immunotherapy being developed by Novartis to treat both solid tumors and lymphomas (cancers of the blood). It is currently being trialled on many cancers including Neuroendocrine. Its brand name is SPARTLIZUMAB.How PDR001 worksPDR001 is a type of immunotherapy, meaning that it acts by activating the body’s own immune system to recognize and fight…
Living with Neuroendocrine Cancer – the 7 Year Itch
I quite like the Facebook memory thing. This morning I got a reminder of a post I made from 7 years ago whilst I was in hospital recovering from my 9 Nov surgery. It had taken 12 days for me to feel strong enough to venture onto social media with a simple message "I'm feeling perkier". For those not familiar with English localisms, it just means lively, spirited, bright, sunny, cheerful, animated, upbeat, buoyant, bubbly, cheery, bouncy, genial, jaunty, chirpy, sprightly, vivacious, in fine fettle, full of beans, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed. I guess I met some of these descriptors most…
NETwork with Ronny © – Newsletter March 2017
Hi NETworkers! Welcome to my fifth 'community' newsletter, the monthly summary of NET news, views and ICYMI (in case you missed it!). The highlight of the month was my attendance at the first ever Joint Patient-Physician symposium at ENETS Barcelona. I remain thankful to INCA for the honour of attending and for the experience that came with it. It was also great to finally meet other NET advocates face to face for the first time. Some of them have been great supporters since the inception of my blog and community. March was a slower month in blogging terms due to…
NETwork with Ronny © – Newsletter February 2017
Hi NETworkers! Welcome to my fourth 'community' newsletter, the monthly summary of NET news, views and ICYMI (in case you missed it!). February was a slower month in blogging terms due to a major increase in contact from people privately asking for advice and others asking me to support external projects. I don't have an issue with private contact but please note my disclaimer. I also had a winter cold for a few days, so I relaxed a bit. Only a short month but I managed to accumulate the second biggest monthly blog views ever (January 2017 will be difficult to beat). Thank you all so much ♥ January's success…
Recent Progress in NET Management – Positive presentation from Jonathan R Strosberg MD
I recently wrote a blog called Neuroendocrine Cancer – Exciting Times Ahead! I wrote that on a day I was feeling particularly positive and at the time, I wanted to share that positivity with you. I genuinely believe there's a lot of great things happening. Don't get me wrong, there's a lot still to be done, particularly in the area of diagnosis and quality of life after being diagnosed. However, this is a really great message from a well-known NET expert. In an interview with OncLive, Jonathan R. Strosberg, MD, associate professor at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida, discussed…
NETwork with Ronny © – Newsletter January 2017
Hi NETworkers! Welcome to my third 'community' newsletter, the monthly summary of NET news, views and ICYMI (in case you missed it!). January was a month for breaking records. I recorded the biggest ever amount of views in any one day, any one week and now any one month and it will probably be a long time before they're broken again! This was mainly due to the fantastic support you showed for one particular blog post The Anatomy Of Neuroendocrine Cancer. Thank you all so much ♥ January was also a month for making new friends after being invited to speak to an…
NETwork with Ronny © – Newsletter December 2016
Hi NETworkers! Welcome to my second 'community' newsletter, the monthly summary of NET news in Dec 2016, views and ICYMI (in case you missed it!). December was a particularly special month. For the previous 3 months, I had been busily working behind the scenes and on my various social media presences to put on a good show for the 2016 WEGO Health Activist Awards. This paid off and I won the Best in Show 'Community' category in addition to being shortlisted as one of 5 finalists in the blog category. The community award was special because it means we all won the award as…
NETwork with Ronny © – Newsletter November 2016
Hi, welcome to my first newsletter, a pilot for a monthly summary of NET news, views and ICYMI (in case you missed it!). What a month November has been - we had NET Cancer Day build up and I've been working hard to put on a good show for the 2016 WEGO Health Activist Awards (results expected around 6/7 Dec) whilst at the same time maintain my other campaigning activity across a wide range of social media platforms. Due to increased activity, I recorded the second highest monthly viewing figures ever - over 13,000 hits on my blog site in…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – Exciting Times Ahead!
In the last 12-24 months, there seems to have been announcement after announcement of new and/or upgraded/enhanced diagnostics and treatment types for Neuroendocrine Cancer. Scans, radionuclide therapies, combination therapies, somatostatin analogues, biological therapies, etc. Some of the announcements are just expansions of existing therapies having been approved in new (but significant) regions. Compared to some other cancers, even those which hit the headlines often, we appear to be doing not too badly. However, the pressure needs to stay on, all patients need access to the best diagnostics and treatments for them; and at the requisite time. There's even more in the pipeline and I'm hoping…
Neuroendocrine Cancer – unexpected detours
I've mentioned 'luck' a few times in many of my 'cancerversary' milestones - these tend to make me reflect on my experience. Even though I was metastatic at diagnosis, I think of myself as lucky on the basis that my tumours were found by 'chance', or to be more accurate, found following an innocuous set of circumstances. This is a common diagnostic experience for many - but more people need that luck via better education and awareness. Click here to hear me talk about my diagnosis. As we know, Neuroendocrine Cancer can sometimes be very difficult to discover and diagnose.…
Innovation at Royal Free – Lung Biopsy and Radio Frequency Ablation Service
A team of radiologists and respiratory consultants who introduced a new and more efficient lung biopsy method at Barnet Hospital London, has been named the winner of the NHS Innovation Challenge Prize in the ‘cancer care’ category. Barnet Hospital is run by the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust which is well known for its Neuroendocrine Cancer Centre of Excellence. Not happy with this, they've now gone on to introduce a new service combining this innovative biopsy system with Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) of tumours in the same procedure. Combined Biopsy with Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) This new service has significant advantages…